各种语言的冠词 / Articles in Languages

 

(本表摘自《西文文献著录条例》2003年修订版。编制者:郝生源、顾犇) 


不予排列的首冠词表(一) / Non-Filing Articles I 

英语 荷兰语 法语 德语 匈牙利语 意大利语 挪威语 葡萄牙语 罗马尼亚语 西班牙语
English Dutch French German Hungarian Italian Norwegian Portuguese Romanian Spanish
the

 

 

 

a

an

de

het

't

 

een

enne

l'

le

la

les

un

une

der [1]

die

das

 

ein

eine

a

az

  

 

egy

il, lo

i, gl', gli

la, le

l'

un', uno

una, un

det, den

de, dei

  

 

en, ein

et  (ei, e; eit)

o

a

os

as

um

uma

l, le

 

 

 

un, o

el, los

la, las

 

 

un, uno

una, unas

[1] 这里是名词阳性形式。der作为所有格复数时应予以考虑。


不予排列的首冠词表(二) / Non-Filing Articles II

Language / 语种

Definite / 定冠词

Indefinite / 不定冠词

Afrikaans

Die

’n

Albanian

 

*Nji (Një)

Arabic

al-, el-

Bohemian, Czech

 

Bulgarian

 

Croatian, Serbo-Croatian

 

Czech (Bohemian)

无冠词

Danish

Den, Det, De (Di)

*En, *Et

Dutch

De, Het, ’t, ’s

*Een, Eene, ’n

English

The

A, An

Esperanto

La

Estonian

无冠词

Finnish

无冠词

French

Le, La, L’, Les

*Un, *Une

German

Der, Die, Das

*Ein, *Eine

Greek, Classical (Romanized)

Ho, He, To, Tō, Hoi, Hai, Ta

Greek, Modern (Romanized)

Ho, He, To, Hoi, Hai, Ta

*Henas (Heis), *Mia, *Hena (Hen)

Hawaiian

Ka, Ke, Na, “Oemphatic”

He

Hebrew (Romanized)

Ha- (Ho- ), He-

Hungarian

A, Az

*Egy

Icelandic (Modern)

Hinn, Hin, Hið, Hinir, Hinar

Italian

Il, La, Lo, I, Gli, Gl’, Le, L’

*Un, *Uno, *Una, *Un’

Latin

无冠词

Latvian, Lettish

 

Lettish

无冠词

Lithuanian

无冠词

Norwegian (Riksmål)

Den, Det, De

*En, *Et

Norwegian (Nynorsk) (曾名Landsmål)

Den, Det, De(i)

*Ein, *Ei, *Eit

Polish

无冠词

Portuguese

O, A, Os, As

Um,*Uma

Romanian

L, Le

*Un, *o

Russian

无冠词

Serbo-Croatian

无冠词

Slovak

无冠词

Slovenian

无冠词

Spanish

El, La, Los, Las

*Un, *Uno, *Una, *Unas

Swedish

Den, Det, De

*En, *Ett

Turkish (New)

*Bir

Ukrainian

无冠词

Welsh

Y, Yr

Yiddish (Romainzed)

Der, Di, Die, Dos (Das)

A, An, *Eyn, *Eyne


不予排列的首冠词表(三) / Non-Filing Articles III

A

English, Hungarian, Portuguese, Yiddish

al-

Arabic

An

English, Yiddish

As

Portuguese

Az

Hungarian

Bir

Turkish

Das

German, Yiddish

De

Danish, Dutch, Norwegian (Riksmål), Swedish

Dei

Norwegian (Nynorsk)

Den

Danish, Norwegian, Swedish

Der

German, Yiddish

Det

Danish, Norwegian, Swedish

Di

Danish, Yiddish

Die

Afrikaans, German, Yiddish

Dos

Yiddish

Een, Eene

Dutch

Egy

Hungarian

Ei

Norwegian (Nynorsk)

Ein

German, Norwegian (Nynorsk)

Eine

German

Eit

Norwegian (Nynorsk)

El

Spanish

el-

Arabic

En

Danish, Norwegian (Riksmål), Swedish

Et

Danish, Norwegian (Riksmål)

Ett

Swedish

Eyn, Eyne

Yiddish

Gl’, Gli

Italian

ha-

Hebrew

Hai

Greek

He

Hawaiian

Hé

Greek

he-

Hebrew

Heis

Greek, Modern

Hen, Hena, Henas

Greek, Modern

Het

Dutch

Hið

Icelandic

Hin, Hinar, Hinir, Hinn

Icelandic

Ho

Greek

ho-

Hebrew

Hoi

Greek

I

Italian

Il

Italian

Ka

Hawaiian

Ke

Hawaiian

L’

French, Italian

La

Esperanto, French, Italian, Spanish

Las

Spanish

Le

French, Italian

Les

French

Lo

Italian

Los

Spanish

Mia

Greek, Modern

’n

Afrikaans, Dutch

Na

Hawaiian

Një, Nji

Albanian

O

Hawaiian, Portuguese, Romanian

Os

Portuguese

’s

Dutch

’t

Dutch

Ta

Greek

The

English

To

Greek

Tō

Greek, Classical

Um, Uma

Portuguese

Un

French, Italian, Romanian, Spanish

Un’

Italian

Una

Italian, Romanian, Spanish

Une

French

Uno

Italian

Y, Yr

Welsh

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Updated 4/17/2003